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Datacenter migration, the hottest time of the year has come, a lot of things are suffering from high temperature, even in the northern Arctic Circle in Sweden and the northern Arctic Ocean in parts of Siberia, the temperature has also reached more than 30 degrees.
Not only creatures but also all kinds of abiotic tools are being tested. With the advent of big data and cloud computing era, massive data flow into our lives. In this era, data for us is like "oil", the most valuable wealth of the enterprise, and the data center as the data storage and interaction infrastructure, its importance is becoming increasingly prominent.
The data center is generally a large warehouse, which mainly stores the server and other computer devices connected to the Internet. These devices save most of the data on the Internet, and provide the computing power for cloud computing. It can be expected that the data center will generate a lot of heat, it is reported that its energy density is more than 100 times that of an ordinary office building.http://equaltech.com/
Data centers and equipment internal thermal load must be effectively managed, in order to cool the data center, the data center has taken various measures. So, what is the development of cooling technology in data center? Which cooling methods are most favored by the manufacturers?
Natural cooling, using only the temperature difference between the external air temperature and the equipment to cool the equipment, is one of the earliest cooling schemes in the data center, but this cooling method is restricted by the area, so the data center usually uses some form of air conditioning to cool the IT.
The air-conditioning equipment used for cooling the data center has also experienced a period of development. From the early ordinary air conditioning to the 70s precision air conditioning, the air cooling has been developing faster because of the low cost, but as the equipment continues to increase, the server is more and more dense, and the air cooling is gradually unable to fill the cooling demand, and availability and green energy saving. Dynamic cooling has become the main direction of innovation. Liquid cooling technology is favored by many manufacturers because of its outstanding performance.
Liquid cooling refers to the replacement of air by liquid to take away the heat generated by CPU, memory strip, chipset, expansion card and other devices in operation. According to the current technological research process, liquid cooling is classified as water cooling and refrigerant cooling. The refrigerants available include water, mineral oil, electronic fluoride solution, etc. According to the cooling principle, the liquid cooling is divided into two systems: cold plate liquid cooling (indirect cooling) and submerged liquid cooling (direct cooling).
If the previous air cooling is to let the server blow the fan, then the liquid cooling is to allow the server to shower or bathe. At present, there are three main liquid cooling technologies in the industry: cold plate, spray and immersion.
Cold plate liquid cooling is the flow of cooling water from the special water injection port, through the closed heat pipe flow into the main engine, take away the heat of CPU, memory and hard disk and other components out.
Spray type liquid cooling means to retrofit IT equipment, deploy corresponding spray devices, and cool the overheated devices when the equipment is running.
In contrast, submerged liquid cooling is more special. It is understood that the heat dissipation effect of immersion liquid cooling technology is first appeared abroad. It can be understood as making the server in the liquid, although it can achieve high density, low noise, low heat transfer temperature difference, natural cooling and so on. But the immersion liquid cooling technology is very difficult and cost high. At present, the industry only has single machine test and single machine. It is shown that server cluster deployment is not yet available.
In fact, the concept of liquid cooling has appeared many years ago, but it has only arisen in recent years. This is mainly because with the rapid development of the data center industry, especially the deployment of high density and even ultra-high density servers, the challenges facing the data center refrigeration are increasingly severe. How to further reduce the high power consumption, how to achieve the green development of the data center while guaranteeing the performance, has become the concern of the industry. And the focus of the breakthrough.
At present, the mainstream manufacturers at home and abroad are vigorously promoting the research of liquid cooling technology. For example, Facebook is launching a new indirect cooling system, the StatePoint liquid cooling (SPLC) solution, developed in collaboration with the Nortek air solutions company. Since it was developed in 2015, the technology (Nortek patent) uses a liquid air heat exchanger, cooling water through membrane separation layer evaporation technology, and cooling the air in a data center facility with cold water, and the diaphragm can prevent cross contamination between water and air.
In addition, the spray cooling data center, which is the core of the combined liquid cooling technology, is a new liquid cooling method, which is different from the traditional air cooling and soaking cooling mode. It directly sprinkled the insulated liquid cooling medium into the heating device inside the server or the radiator with its contact, and the cooling fluid was absorbed quickly. The heat of the chip is transmitted through the liquid cooling system to the outdoor atmosphere, which not only solves the problem of low air cooling efficiency, but also solves the problem of high cost of soaking and maintenance.
According to the industry news, the liquid cooling scheme is rising, with the technology driven by AI and the network edge computing, and also the decline of the data center reduction. At present, more and more manufacturers use liquid cooling technology to cool down the data center. For example, Google I/O 2018 first introduced liquid cooling in Data Center for cooling of AI chips.
Innovation is the first driving force to lead the development of science and technology. As a kind of efficient, energy-saving and safe cooling technology, liquid cooling technology is becoming the inevitable choice of most data centers.

Datacenter migration, the hottest time of the year has come, a lot of things are suffering from high temperature, even in the northern Arctic Circle in Sweden and the northern Arctic Ocean in parts of Siberia, the temperature has also reached more than 30 degrees.
Not only creatures but also all kinds of abiotic tools are being tested. With the advent of big data and cloud computing era, massive data flow into our lives. In this era, data for us is like "oil", the most valuable wealth of the enterprise, and the data center as the data storage and interaction infrastructure, its importance is becoming increasingly prominent.
The data center is generally a large warehouse, which mainly stores the server and other computer devices connected to the Internet. These devices save most of the data on the Internet, and provide the computing power for cloud computing. It can be expected that the data center will generate a lot of heat, it is reported that its energy density is more than 100 times that of an ordinary office building.http://equaltech.com/
Data centers and equipment internal thermal load must be effectively managed, in order to cool the data center, the data center has taken various measures. So, what is the development of cooling technology in data center? Which cooling methods are most favored by the manufacturers?
Natural cooling, using only the temperature difference between the external air temperature and the equipment to cool the equipment, is one of the earliest cooling schemes in the data center, but this cooling method is restricted by the area, so the data center usually uses some form of air conditioning to cool the IT.
The air-conditioning equipment used for cooling the data center has also experienced a period of development. From the early ordinary air conditioning to the 70s precision air conditioning, the air cooling has been developing faster because of the low cost, but as the equipment continues to increase, the server is more and more dense, and the air cooling is gradually unable to fill the cooling demand, and availability and green energy saving. Dynamic cooling has become the main direction of innovation. Liquid cooling technology is favored by many manufacturers because of its outstanding performance.
Liquid cooling refers to the replacement of air by liquid to take away the heat generated by CPU, memory strip, chipset, expansion card and other devices in operation. According to the current technological research process, liquid cooling is classified as water cooling and refrigerant cooling. The refrigerants available include water, mineral oil, electronic fluoride solution, etc. According to the cooling principle, the liquid cooling is divided into two systems: cold plate liquid cooling (indirect cooling) and submerged liquid cooling (direct cooling).
If the previous air cooling is to let the server blow the fan, then the liquid cooling is to allow the server to shower or bathe. At present, there are three main liquid cooling technologies in the industry: cold plate, spray and immersion.
Cold plate liquid cooling is the flow of cooling water from the special water injection port, through the closed heat pipe flow into the main engine, take away the heat of CPU, memory and hard disk and other components out.
Spray type liquid cooling means to retrofit IT equipment, deploy corresponding spray devices, and cool the overheated devices when the equipment is running.
In contrast, submerged liquid cooling is more special. It is understood that the heat dissipation effect of immersion liquid cooling technology is first appeared abroad. It can be understood as making the server in the liquid, although it can achieve high density, low noise, low heat transfer temperature difference, natural cooling and so on. But the immersion liquid cooling technology is very difficult and cost high. At present, the industry only has single machine test and single machine. It is shown that server cluster deployment is not yet available.
In fact, the concept of liquid cooling has appeared many years ago, but it has only arisen in recent years. This is mainly because with the rapid development of the data center industry, especially the deployment of high density and even ultra-high density servers, the challenges facing the data center refrigeration are increasingly severe. How to further reduce the high power consumption, how to achieve the green development of the data center while guaranteeing the performance, has become the concern of the industry. And the focus of the breakthrough.
At present, the mainstream manufacturers at home and abroad are vigorously promoting the research of liquid cooling technology. For example, Facebook is launching a new indirect cooling system, the StatePoint liquid cooling (SPLC) solution, developed in collaboration with the Nortek air solutions company. Since it was developed in 2015, the technology (Nortek patent) uses a liquid air heat exchanger, cooling water through membrane separation layer evaporation technology, and cooling the air in a data center facility with cold water, and the diaphragm can prevent cross contamination between water and air.
In addition, the spray cooling data center, which is the core of the combined liquid cooling technology, is a new liquid cooling method, which is different from the traditional air cooling and soaking cooling mode. It directly sprinkled the insulated liquid cooling medium into the heating device inside the server or the radiator with its contact, and the cooling fluid was absorbed quickly. The heat of the chip is transmitted through the liquid cooling system to the outdoor atmosphere, which not only solves the problem of low air cooling efficiency, but also solves the problem of high cost of soaking and maintenance.
According to the industry news, the liquid cooling scheme is rising, with the technology driven by AI and the network edge computing, and also the decline of the data center reduction. At present, more and more manufacturers use liquid cooling technology to cool down the data center. For example, Google I/O 2018 first introduced liquid cooling in Data Center for cooling of AI chips.
Innovation is the first driving force to lead the development of science and technology. As a kind of efficient, energy-saving and safe cooling technology, liquid cooling technology is becoming the inevitable choice of most data centers.

機房建置,最常用於對數據中心進行分類的相關設計標準並不能直接促進該行業的技術創新,可持續能源的使用,以及能源效率的提升。這些標準包括BICSI,ANSI / TIA 942和UI,這一系列的標準通常被用於按類別對數據中心進行分類(例如BICSI 0 - 3和UI第我層到第(四層)。
但恰恰是由於有了這些現有標準的固定可用性等級和規定的冗餘度量,使得當前越來越無法很好的對正在投產運營中或構建過程中的大量數據中心進行分類了。
例如,基於可持續能源(所採用的並非柴油發電機和UPS不間斷電源設備)或網絡化數據中心拓撲結構的創新數據中心設計就無法很好的基於上述相關標準進行正確分類。
這並不是因爲這些設計無法提供類似的或更高的可用性。相反,這是因爲它們不適合上述相關標準所規定的分類。
因此,數據中心運營商們有時會自願犧牲所有數據中心組件的效率,因爲出於必須遵循合規性和行業標準等方面的原因,但這可能會導致更高的數據中心運營成本和能源消耗。
我們認爲,除現有的“固定安全控制”的可用性標準外,數據中心行業還需要一套更具包容性的分類標準,該標準將充分考慮利用方面的彈性,可持續性和效率的遠見設計。
數據中心設計標準需要進行審查
大約二十年前,數據中心的設計,構建和運營標準是由UI,TIA和BICSI等組織開創的。這些標準的簡單性和清晰度使它們很快成爲了數據中心業界普遍採納的設計參考標準。
這些標準中的每一個都建立在4個漸進級別上,僅涵蓋基於冗餘柴油發電機和UPS的傳統設計。按性能和正常運行時間排序,如下,我們爲您列出了每種分類所包含的相關要求:
l基本非冗餘:專用數據中心站點的容量要求
l基本冗餘:提高數據中心可用性的容量組件
l可併發維護:增加冗餘級別,使數據中心內的子系統能夠在更換或維護部分電源和冷卻設備期間繼續保持運行
l容錯:具有完全冗餘子系統的數據中心
這些標準限制了數據中心的設計創新,同時憑藉這些標準的固定安全設計設置,其又成爲了相關行業可持續性的關鍵。
此外,越來越多的正在投產運營中或正在建設中的數據中心無法使用傳統標準進行分類。三種常用的未經分類的設計類型包括:
1、專門使用可替代能源的設計,如電網,太陽能、風能,燃料電池和潮汐能
2,基於多個網絡數據中心的設計
3、數據中心設計部署的可用性功能超出其分類,但又不滿足下表分類中的所有要求的
總之,簡單性這一在全球範圍內普遍接受的分類標準現在卻在一定程度上減緩了該行業相關標準的發展,其並不反映當前數據中心行業對創新和可持續性的推動。
當前的數據中心行業可以說是面臨兩難的選擇。現有標準能夠滿足數據中心可用性方面的需求,包括容錯點。但是,這不包括偏離標準的設計。在現有的分類系統之上,有一個動態的,靈活和有遠見的模型空間,可以促進對更可持續的數據中心的投資,並推動企業對現有數據中心實施增量投資。
根據第三方的研究表明,爲當前的數字化經濟提供動力的數據中心目前的溫室氣體排放量約佔全球總排放量的2%,這大致相當於航空業的總溫室氣體排放量。有鑑於當下數字化經濟的增長勢頭不減,這一比例預計還會進一步的增加。爲了遏制潛在的數據中心溫室氣體的排放增長,並提高資源效率,行業的利益相關者們正在諸如綠色網格組織等非贏利聯盟機構的倡議下進行廣泛的合作。但是,提高數據中心效率不會減緩排放增長。較高比例的數據中心需要使用可持續能源,如風能和太陽能,以有效遏制整個行業的溫室氣體排放。
目前所廣泛實施的相關標準並沒有考慮專門使用可再生能源而設計的數據中心。這些標準只適用於那些將可持續能源與電網和柴油發電機一起使用的數據中心設計。因此,數據中心運營商們通常是自願犧牲效率的,因爲出於合規性等方面的原因,他們必須遵循行業標準,從而導致了明顯更高的數據中心運營成本和能源消耗。因此,實施固定標準來推動更靈活的數據中心運營可能在無意中推動了化石燃料消耗的進一步增長。
數據中心行業的另一個重大轉變是對於混合和公共雲架構採用的增長,這導致了越來越多的計算和存儲容量位於商業化的數據中心而非企業自有的數據中心。許多商業數據中心運營商,包括主機託管服務和雲服務提供商,都在創新方面投入了巨資,以提高可持續性。這些提供商們通常使用非傳統的數據中心拓撲,例如互連的多個數據中心。根據Interxion公司對於可用性的統計調研報告顯示,這些網絡化數據中心拓撲可以實現與傳統數據中心設計相同的正常運行時間,但在應用當前標準時無法對其進行分類。一些受到嚴格監管的行業(如金融服務業)不適應或不被允許使用未通過行業標準認證的數據中心。
總之,數據中心行業需要一套更加包容的標準,這一標準應該是開放的,靈活的,並得到所有利益相關者的認可和接受。這需要成爲促進企業數據中心各部門交叉協作和共同推動創新的標準,並且不僅要有助於實現可用性,還要有助於推動可持續性和效率提升。
構建可替代系統的塊
作爲全數據中心行業所支持的設計標準審查的第一步,我們基於3項因素提出了分層模型(參見下表2):
1、彈性:設計的每個組件都可以根據其彈性進行評分(即任何具備彈性設計的組件都會得到更高的評分結果)。基於組件總和的總分將作爲端到端設計的彈性的指標。在表2中,我們對每層的彈性評分是從1(低彈性)到10(高彈性)進行評級的。
2,可持續性:根據所使用的能源,可以根據表明了可持續性水平的“能源標籤”對設計進行分類。在表2中,我們將可持續性從一個(高可持續性)到F(低可持續性)爲可持續性進行評級。
3、能源效率:建議使用PUE對數據中心設計的能源效率進行分類,因爲該指標是衡量數據中心能源效率的重要指標。
有鑑於需要進一步減少數據中心行業對環境的影響,可持續性分類的重要性是顯而易見的。這種分類是否應該整合PUE效率數值和基於能源使用的分數則屬於更爲開放的辯論話題。
提出將彈性作爲標準的原因可能不那麼明顯,但同樣重要。鑑於統計可用性計算既耗時又複雜,難以將其用作決策過程的一部分,因此需要使用彈性而非可用性。相反,對每個單獨組件的彈性水平進行分類並基於此進行評分相對容易。當前的數據中心行業需要確定一種計算方法,以確保所有設計的分類始終如一。該方法應包含現有的可用性標準。正如PUE所表明的那樣,全球範圍內普遍接受認可的計算方法是可實現的目標。
爲了降低管理費用,任何新標準都可以包括一個易於使用的開源工具或應用程序,由非商業管理機構維護。企業客戶的數據中心工程部門和顧問可以使用這樣的工具上傳按照上述3項標準(彈性,可持續性和能源效率)所進行的數據中心設計方案進而促進行業協作和創新。
按照新標準所打造的數據中心模型爲那些希望構建數據中心的企業提供了選擇最適合其彈性,可持續性和效率要求的設計的能力,或者選擇具備這類數據中心設計模型的服務提供商來提供所需的服務級別協議。

機房建置,最常用於對數據中心進行分類的相關設計標準並不能直接促進該行業的技術創新,可持續能源的使用,以及能源效率的提升。這些標準包括BICSI,ANSI / TIA 942和UI,這一系列的標準通常被用於按類別對數據中心進行分類(例如BICSI 0 - 3和UI第我層到第(四層)。
但恰恰是由於有了這些現有標準的固定可用性等級和規定的冗餘度量,使得當前越來越無法很好的對正在投產運營中或構建過程中的大量數據中心進行分類了。
例如,基於可持續能源(所採用的並非柴油發電機和UPS不間斷電源設備)或網絡化數據中心拓撲結構的創新數據中心設計就無法很好的基於上述相關標準進行正確分類。
這並不是因爲這些設計無法提供類似的或更高的可用性。相反,這是因爲它們不適合上述相關標準所規定的分類。
因此,數據中心運營商們有時會自願犧牲所有數據中心組件的效率,因爲出於必須遵循合規性和行業標準等方面的原因,但這可能會導致更高的數據中心運營成本和能源消耗。
我們認爲,除現有的“固定安全控制”的可用性標準外,數據中心行業還需要一套更具包容性的分類標準,該標準將充分考慮利用方面的彈性,可持續性和效率的遠見設計。
數據中心設計標準需要進行審查
大約二十年前,數據中心的設計,構建和運營標準是由UI,TIA和BICSI等組織開創的。這些標準的簡單性和清晰度使它們很快成爲了數據中心業界普遍採納的設計參考標準。
這些標準中的每一個都建立在4個漸進級別上,僅涵蓋基於冗餘柴油發電機和UPS的傳統設計。按性能和正常運行時間排序,如下,我們爲您列出了每種分類所包含的相關要求:
l基本非冗餘:專用數據中心站點的容量要求
l基本冗餘:提高數據中心可用性的容量組件
l可併發維護:增加冗餘級別,使數據中心內的子系統能夠在更換或維護部分電源和冷卻設備期間繼續保持運行
l容錯:具有完全冗餘子系統的數據中心
這些標準限制了數據中心的設計創新,同時憑藉這些標準的固定安全設計設置,其又成爲了相關行業可持續性的關鍵。
此外,越來越多的正在投產運營中或正在建設中的數據中心無法使用傳統標準進行分類。三種常用的未經分類的設計類型包括:
1、專門使用可替代能源的設計,如電網,太陽能、風能,燃料電池和潮汐能
2,基於多個網絡數據中心的設計
3、數據中心設計部署的可用性功能超出其分類,但又不滿足下表分類中的所有要求的
總之,簡單性這一在全球範圍內普遍接受的分類標準現在卻在一定程度上減緩了該行業相關標準的發展,其並不反映當前數據中心行業對創新和可持續性的推動。
當前的數據中心行業可以說是面臨兩難的選擇。現有標準能夠滿足數據中心可用性方面的需求,包括容錯點。但是,這不包括偏離標準的設計。在現有的分類系統之上,有一個動態的,靈活和有遠見的模型空間,可以促進對更可持續的數據中心的投資,並推動企業對現有數據中心實施增量投資。
根據第三方的研究表明,爲當前的數字化經濟提供動力的數據中心目前的溫室氣體排放量約佔全球總排放量的2%,這大致相當於航空業的總溫室氣體排放量。有鑑於當下數字化經濟的增長勢頭不減,這一比例預計還會進一步的增加。爲了遏制潛在的數據中心溫室氣體的排放增長,並提高資源效率,行業的利益相關者們正在諸如綠色網格組織等非贏利聯盟機構的倡議下進行廣泛的合作。但是,提高數據中心效率不會減緩排放增長。較高比例的數據中心需要使用可持續能源,如風能和太陽能,以有效遏制整個行業的溫室氣體排放。
目前所廣泛實施的相關標準並沒有考慮專門使用可再生能源而設計的數據中心。這些標準只適用於那些將可持續能源與電網和柴油發電機一起使用的數據中心設計。因此,數據中心運營商們通常是自願犧牲效率的,因爲出於合規性等方面的原因,他們必須遵循行業標準,從而導致了明顯更高的數據中心運營成本和能源消耗。因此,實施固定標準來推動更靈活的數據中心運營可能在無意中推動了化石燃料消耗的進一步增長。
數據中心行業的另一個重大轉變是對於混合和公共雲架構採用的增長,這導致了越來越多的計算和存儲容量位於商業化的數據中心而非企業自有的數據中心。許多商業數據中心運營商,包括主機託管服務和雲服務提供商,都在創新方面投入了巨資,以提高可持續性。這些提供商們通常使用非傳統的數據中心拓撲,例如互連的多個數據中心。根據Interxion公司對於可用性的統計調研報告顯示,這些網絡化數據中心拓撲可以實現與傳統數據中心設計相同的正常運行時間,但在應用當前標準時無法對其進行分類。一些受到嚴格監管的行業(如金融服務業)不適應或不被允許使用未通過行業標準認證的數據中心。
總之,數據中心行業需要一套更加包容的標準,這一標準應該是開放的,靈活的,並得到所有利益相關者的認可和接受。這需要成爲促進企業數據中心各部門交叉協作和共同推動創新的標準,並且不僅要有助於實現可用性,還要有助於推動可持續性和效率提升。
構建可替代系統的塊
作爲全數據中心行業所支持的設計標準審查的第一步,我們基於3項因素提出了分層模型(參見下表2):
1、彈性:設計的每個組件都可以根據其彈性進行評分(即任何具備彈性設計的組件都會得到更高的評分結果)。基於組件總和的總分將作爲端到端設計的彈性的指標。在表2中,我們對每層的彈性評分是從1(低彈性)到10(高彈性)進行評級的。
2,可持續性:根據所使用的能源,可以根據表明了可持續性水平的“能源標籤”對設計進行分類。在表2中,我們將可持續性從一個(高可持續性)到F(低可持續性)爲可持續性進行評級。
3、能源效率:建議使用PUE對數據中心設計的能源效率進行分類,因爲該指標是衡量數據中心能源效率的重要指標。
有鑑於需要進一步減少數據中心行業對環境的影響,可持續性分類的重要性是顯而易見的。這種分類是否應該整合PUE效率數值和基於能源使用的分數則屬於更爲開放的辯論話題。
提出將彈性作爲標準的原因可能不那麼明顯,但同樣重要。鑑於統計可用性計算既耗時又複雜,難以將其用作決策過程的一部分,因此需要使用彈性而非可用性。相反,對每個單獨組件的彈性水平進行分類並基於此進行評分相對容易。當前的數據中心行業需要確定一種計算方法,以確保所有設計的分類始終如一。該方法應包含現有的可用性標準。正如PUE所表明的那樣,全球範圍內普遍接受認可的計算方法是可實現的目標。
爲了降低管理費用,任何新標準都可以包括一個易於使用的開源工具或應用程序,由非商業管理機構維護。企業客戶的數據中心工程部門和顧問可以使用這樣的工具上傳按照上述3項標準(彈性,可持續性和能源效率)所進行的數據中心設計方案進而促進行業協作和創新。
按照新標準所打造的數據中心模型爲那些希望構建數據中心的企業提供了選擇最適合其彈性,可持續性和效率要求的設計的能力,或者選擇具備這類數據中心設計模型的服務提供商來提供所需的服務級別協議。

Datacenter migration. The modular data center refers to the independent function and unified input and output interface of each module. The modules in different regions can backup each other and form a complete data center through the arrangement of the related modules. There are many forms of modularization, which can be design methods and ideas, or products.
Modularized design is adopted in the modular design method, and modularization design is also adopted in each function system of the data center, which can be divided into modules, sub floors and staging construction during construction. There are several forms of data center modularization in product form: modular products, micro modules, and container data centers.
Modular products are represented by modular UPS, modular precision air conditioning, modular wiring, etc. the micro module is typical with cabinet micro environment. It refers to a number of stand units as the basic units, including the refrigeration module, power supply and distribution module, network, wiring, monitoring, fire control, and other independent operating units. The piece can be prefabricated in the factory and can be disassembled and assembled quickly. The container data center can be considered as a standardized, prefabricated and pre tested large modular data center product and solution.

Datacenter migration. The modular data center refers to the independent function and unified input and output interface of each module. The modules in different regions can backup each other and form a complete data center through the arrangement of the related modules. There are many forms of modularization, which can be design methods and ideas, or products.
Modularized design is adopted in the modular design method, and modularization design is also adopted in each function system of the data center, which can be divided into modules, sub floors and staging construction during construction. There are several forms of data center modularization in product form: modular products, micro modules, and container data centers.
Modular products are represented by modular UPS, modular precision air conditioning, modular wiring, etc. the micro module is typical with cabinet micro environment. It refers to a number of stand units as the basic units, including the refrigeration module, power supply and distribution module, network, wiring, monitoring, fire control, and other independent operating units. The piece can be prefabricated in the factory and can be disassembled and assembled quickly. The container data center can be considered as a standardized, prefabricated and pre tested large modular data center product and solution.

The steps of website design are not the same as the steps of website construction. It needs a series of technological processes such as website planning, production, advertising, daily updating, etc. Website design is equivalent to positioning a website style and theme. Just like the way we dress, everyone has the style of everyone. If you don't want to become popular, you need to have your own unique thoughts and become the brightest star in the crowd. That website design for the site is playing this role, want to stand out in the peer also need to be clear about their website design style. Now let's take a look at the basic steps of website design.
One, determine the theme of the website design
The basic step of website design is primarily the theme of the website, that is, to determine the main content of the website. If you want to build a good website, you must identify a clear theme.
For the current e-commerce website and enterprise brand website, we must first analyze and consider the purpose or needs of your own website, as well as the needs of the customers, and then determine the theme of your website design.
Two. Collect website design materials
Once the theme of the website is established, it is necessary to collect all aspects of the material on the subject. For a website, building a good theme is the first step, and also the key to website design. Therefore, it is necessary to collect various images, templates, style structures, backgrounds and other materials, and then to sort and select the materials collected from our website.
Three. Design the framework of web structure
The key to building a website is good website design. How to plan websites and achieve the perfect webpage design is a problem that web designers must solve. Site planning contains a lot of content, such as site structure, column configuration, site style, color matching, layout, text image use, etc. need to be considered. Only in this way can we create personalized, characteristic and attractive websites.
Four. Site design style positioning
Before designing websites, the most important thing is the location of the company and products. Accurate positioning is not only conducive to the company to capture market trends, but also conducive to attracting relevant groups, improve the correct use of website users, improve the competitiveness of the company. Only the company provides accurate positioning for web design, designers can make use of previous website production experience, provide advice and planning for the company, identify the style of the website, search related topics, share experience, and analyze the same peer website. To lay a solid foundation for the success of website post production, it is possible to stand out in the same industry.
Five, the determination of layout design
The basic steps of website design after understanding the design style of the website, complete the corresponding survey to determine the basic layout of the website page design. At this time, the company can provide some of the company's information and website design related to the design of the program, to facilitate designers to follow-up work. The designer will organize the data and make overall design to form the initial structure of the website. Docking with the company, writing agreement with both parties and continuing the next step.
Six. Web design is the key
When users enter the website design, if the first time of web design can attract the attention of users and whether to meet the needs of the users, this is the key to the survival of the web site. Only to meet the needs of users, to provide users with a good website experience is the user's favorite, and the user's liking is the key to the survival of the site. Therefore, we must pay special attention to website design. We can communicate with the company, understand the company's image, product characteristics, should highlight the key points and competitors website features. Combining key information, integrating company characteristics and creating themes. Users focus on favorite websites. This requires not only the rich experience of the site's production designers, but also the full cooperation of the company and the provision of relevant information as far as possible in order to make the site a success.

The steps of website design are not the same as the steps of website construction. It needs a series of technological processes such as website planning, production, advertising, daily updating, etc. Website design is equivalent to positioning a website style and theme. Just like the way we dress, everyone has the style of everyone. If you don't want to become popular, you need to have your own unique thoughts and become the brightest star in the crowd. That website design for the site is playing this role, want to stand out in the peer also need to be clear about their website design style. Now let's take a look at the basic steps of website design.
One, determine the theme of the website design
The basic step of website design is primarily the theme of the website, that is, to determine the main content of the website. If you want to build a good website, you must identify a clear theme.
For the current e-commerce website and enterprise brand website, we must first analyze and consider the purpose or needs of your own website, as well as the needs of the customers, and then determine the theme of your website design.
Two. Collect website design materials
Once the theme of the website is established, it is necessary to collect all aspects of the material on the subject. For a website, building a good theme is the first step, and also the key to website design. Therefore, it is necessary to collect various images, templates, style structures, backgrounds and other materials, and then to sort and select the materials collected from our website.
Three. Design the framework of web structure
The key to building a website is good website design. How to plan websites and achieve the perfect webpage design is a problem that web designers must solve. Site planning contains a lot of content, such as site structure, column configuration, site style, color matching, layout, text image use, etc. need to be considered. Only in this way can we create personalized, characteristic and attractive websites.
Four. Site design style positioning
Before designing websites, the most important thing is the location of the company and products. Accurate positioning is not only conducive to the company to capture market trends, but also conducive to attracting relevant groups, improve the correct use of website users, improve the competitiveness of the company. Only the company provides accurate positioning for web design, designers can make use of previous website production experience, provide advice and planning for the company, identify the style of the website, search related topics, share experience, and analyze the same peer website. To lay a solid foundation for the success of website post production, it is possible to stand out in the same industry.
Five, the determination of layout design
The basic steps of website design after understanding the design style of the website, complete the corresponding survey to determine the basic layout of the website page design. At this time, the company can provide some of the company's information and website design related to the design of the program, to facilitate designers to follow-up work. The designer will organize the data and make overall design to form the initial structure of the website. Docking with the company, writing agreement with both parties and continuing the next step.
Six. Web design is the key
When users enter the website design, if the first time of web design can attract the attention of users and whether to meet the needs of the users, this is the key to the survival of the web site. Only to meet the needs of users, to provide users with a good website experience is the user's favorite, and the user's liking is the key to the survival of the site. Therefore, we must pay special attention to website design. We can communicate with the company, understand the company's image, product characteristics, should highlight the key points and competitors website features. Combining key information, integrating company characteristics and creating themes. Users focus on favorite websites. This requires not only the rich experience of the site's production designers, but also the full cooperation of the company and the provision of relevant information as far as possible in order to make the site a success.

機房建置，本文基於對數據中心的發展歷程以及軟件定義數據中心階段的探討,進一步分析了超融合架構的自身優勢與應用場景。
超融合架構(Hyper-Converged基礎設施)是指:在同一套x86服務器中結合了計算,存儲,網絡等資源和服務器虛擬化技術,還具有緩存加速,重複數據刪除,在線數據壓縮,備份軟件,快照技術等功能,並且將多套設備採用統一的管理軟件通過網絡進行聚合,從而形成統一管理的資源池,模塊化的無縫橫向擴展得以實現。超融合架構就是基於通用的服務器硬件,藉助虛擬化和分佈式技術,融合計算,存儲,虛擬化爲一體。
超融合的英文“Hyper-Converged”中的“超級”,意思就是虛擬化,因此超融合架構天然具備虛擬化的基因。存儲技術的改變是超融合架構中最根本的變化,原先的集中共享式存儲轉變成了軟件定義存儲,特別是分佈式存儲。超融合架構的核心是分佈式存儲,分佈式存儲離不開軟件定義存儲,軟件定義存儲作爲一種數據存儲方式,是利用相對於物理存儲硬件的外部軟件進行所有存儲相關的控制工作,這個軟件是操作系統或虛擬層的一部分。
數據中心發展經歷
1 .數據中心的傳統架構階段
傳統數據中心所採用的基礎架構,是以大型服務器,小型服務器,x86服務器,集中式存儲,網絡,大型數據庫,高可用軟件和管理軟件的複雜系統架構,需要很多集成商和不同硬件廠商提供技術服務團隊。這種架構適合了數據大集中的發展趨勢。隨着企業應用的不斷增加以及互聯網應用發展帶來的爆發性增長的數據,數據中心架構孤島式的弊端也日益顯露。
首先,應用的可靠性,嚴重依賴於硬件提供的可靠性,可用性和可維護性特性,硬件採購成本極爲高昂。其次,煙囪式建設,離散式管理,設備種類繁多,運維難度大,運維的成本也隨之增長。最後,由於系統結構複雜導致部署週期長,系統上線進度嚴重影響;資源調度靈活性不足,系統資源得不到充分利用。
超融合架構在數據中心應用探究
2 .數據中心的虛擬化階段
隨着服務器虛擬化技術的出現,數據中心開始逐步向虛擬化數據中心轉變,數據中心進入了虛擬化數據中心階段。虛擬化技術就是在一個物理服務器上運行多個可移動的虛擬機,這些虛擬機共享底層硬件,擁有自己的虛擬資源如操作系統,計算,內存和存儲等。虛擬機可以提高服務器的利用率,並且虛擬機支持操作系統的和數據的備份,實施更加靈活。數據中心應用服務器虛擬化技術的好處主要有以下幾點。
一是由於利用虛擬化技術,可以減少對硬件數量需求的,從而使硬件採購成本大大降低。虛擬機技術使數據中心的硬件設備大幅度減少,從而使數據中心能耗降低,更加易於維護,隨着時間的推移,虛擬化帶來的成本降低是非常明顯的。
二是應用部署的靈活性得到了極大的改善。隨着虛擬化技術的發展,重新部署應用可以通過虛擬機的快照技術在幾分鐘之內就能夠完成。同時,應用的備份和遷移同樣也變得簡單,方便。虛擬化技術提高了服務器的資源利用率,利用虛擬機在線遷移技術數據中心對服務器可靠性,可用性和可維護性的依賴大大降低。
數據中心的服務器資源利用率和高可用性的問題通過虛擬化技術得到解決,隨着虛擬機數量的快速增長,對存儲I / O的需求也隨之大幅提升,在這種情況下傳統FCSAN存儲網絡方式又引發了新的問題:第一是可靠性問題。由於集中存儲非常依賴於存儲設備的可靠性,可用性和可維護性,所以當存儲設備發生故障時將會危及整個虛擬機資源池第。二是擴展性問題。存儲設備之間的數據遷移非常困難,無法解決存儲設備的性能孤島和數據孤島問題。第三是性能問題。虛擬機的I / O性能完全取決於後端存儲的能力,而單一存儲的I / O性能現在已經出現了明顯的瓶頸。第四是運維問題。各個廠家的存儲設備是互不兼容的,IP網絡與FCSAN也是完全孤立的,加大了運維的工作量。第五是成本問題。對專用設備的依賴顯著地增加了基礎設施的成本。
軟件定義數據中心階段
超融合架構替代傳統架構的變革,帶來了數據中心開始向軟件定義數據中心發展。傳統服務器虛擬化技術的資源的虛擬化和管理是通過專用的硬件設備得以實現,並沒有徹底實現硬件資源與虛擬化管理軟件之間的分離。這使得這類技術並不適用於大規模的虛擬數據中心環境。而軟件定義的技術實現了存儲,計算,網絡與專用硬件的分離,從而實現了它的基礎架構的真正融合。
軟件定義數據中心讓數據中心的存儲設備,服務器和網絡等重要基礎設施減少了對基礎物理硬件的依賴,變得更爲靈活,更自動化。由於傳統的DAS,NAS和SAN具有技術要求高,成本高,靈活性差等缺陷,所以軟件定義技術取代專用硬件逐步成爲數據中心基礎架構的發展趨勢。此外,超融合架構優點還包括以下幾個方面。
一是功能豐富。超融合架構不單純是一個分佈式存儲系統,還可以通過緩存加速,備份,快照,重複數據刪除,數據壓縮等強大的功能,來保證數據對存儲的高效利用,保證系統的穩定運行,並能降低能源消耗。
二是建設費用低。超融合架構通過軟件定義使用X86服務器自身的硬盤,從而使存儲的硬件成本極大降低。
三是部署便捷。相對於傳統存儲解放方案的複雜性,超融合平臺部署相對簡單。對於LUN,RAID,FC交換機,分區,掩碼,註冊表狀態變更通知或複雜的存儲多路徑等問題不必面對。
四是橫向擴展能力靈活。超融合架構在需要性能擴展時可以通過增加不同功能節點的方式進行,按照需求擴展所需要資源,分別獨自擴展如CPU運算節點,內存節點,GPU節點,存儲容量節點,提升所需要的性能。系統建設時期的設計和預算壓力得到了極大的減輕。
五是提高了I / O性能。超融合架構技術採用了分佈式存儲技術,配置的SSD硬盤來提高性能,利用本機的機械硬盤來擴充容量,極大提高了存儲的I / O性能。
超融合架構的具體應用場景
1 .提升數據中心的存儲性能
超融合架構存儲系統採用的軟件定義技術,傳統集中存儲的性能問題得到了很好的解決。傳統架構的存儲設備已無法滿足對存儲性能和靈活性的需求,超融合架構存儲是分佈式的,可以徹底擺脫傳統這架構對存儲系統的性能約束。超融合存儲通過完全去掉傳統存儲,利用分佈式文件系統來提供按線性增長的性能和容量,並且可以通過SSDCache進行加速,甚至可以全部使用SSD來構建整個分佈式存儲系統。
2 .業務快速部署,降低成本
超融合基礎架構首先給用戶帶來的價值是加快業務部署。傳統的項目要經過一個非常長的項目設計,規劃,然後到整個採購,之後要去進行集成,部署,測試等相關工作,而超融合架構一般都預集成封裝虛擬化平臺,雲平臺管理軟件,SDN網絡和分佈式存儲,集成整個存儲,計算和網絡以及應用軟件讓整個這架構的搭建簡化了很多。超融合架構大部分都是基於X86硬件設備,可以顯著降低,採購成本,運維成本也會降低。
3 .大數據分析平臺
超融合架構具備橫向擴展的特性,針對海量數據存儲應用,可以實現大規模通用集羣存儲。超融合架構存儲系統通過網絡技術將大量基本X86存儲單元整合起來協同工作,對外提供統一數據存儲服務,替代傳統集中式的存儲設備。
4 .支撐虛擬桌面,私有云等虛擬化計算應用
超融合架構可以將計算,存儲和網絡資源整合到一起,提供軟硬一體的解決方案。在虛擬桌面(VDI)應用方面,由於各種應用部署在單一的共享資源池裏,可以不需要擔心存儲系統的I / O影響虛擬機性能。此外,超融合架構的大容量分佈式存儲環境爲系統靈活掌控隨機和順序負載提供可能。而且採用SSD加速的分佈式存儲集羣可以保障足夠的IOPS應對VDI啓動和登入風暴等嚴峻的負載挑戰。在虛擬化應用方面,包括存儲,備份,複製,負載均衡在內所有策略的制定,都會圍繞支持虛擬機進行。例如數據保護策略,超融合架構就將其集成在虛擬機層。管理員只需在虛擬機層操作,就可以在不同數據中心之間或不同應用間(備份,複製等)進行負載遷移。

機房建置，本文基於對數據中心的發展歷程以及軟件定義數據中心階段的探討,進一步分析了超融合架構的自身優勢與應用場景。
超融合架構(Hyper-Converged基礎設施)是指:在同一套x86服務器中結合了計算,存儲,網絡等資源和服務器虛擬化技術,還具有緩存加速,重複數據刪除,在線數據壓縮,備份軟件,快照技術等功能,並且將多套設備採用統一的管理軟件通過網絡進行聚合,從而形成統一管理的資源池,模塊化的無縫橫向擴展得以實現。超融合架構就是基於通用的服務器硬件,藉助虛擬化和分佈式技術,融合計算,存儲,虛擬化爲一體。
超融合的英文“Hyper-Converged”中的“超級”,意思就是虛擬化,因此超融合架構天然具備虛擬化的基因。存儲技術的改變是超融合架構中最根本的變化,原先的集中共享式存儲轉變成了軟件定義存儲,特別是分佈式存儲。超融合架構的核心是分佈式存儲,分佈式存儲離不開軟件定義存儲,軟件定義存儲作爲一種數據存儲方式,是利用相對於物理存儲硬件的外部軟件進行所有存儲相關的控制工作,這個軟件是操作系統或虛擬層的一部分。
數據中心發展經歷
1 .數據中心的傳統架構階段
傳統數據中心所採用的基礎架構,是以大型服務器,小型服務器,x86服務器,集中式存儲,網絡,大型數據庫,高可用軟件和管理軟件的複雜系統架構,需要很多集成商和不同硬件廠商提供技術服務團隊。這種架構適合了數據大集中的發展趨勢。隨着企業應用的不斷增加以及互聯網應用發展帶來的爆發性增長的數據,數據中心架構孤島式的弊端也日益顯露。
首先,應用的可靠性,嚴重依賴於硬件提供的可靠性,可用性和可維護性特性,硬件採購成本極爲高昂。其次,煙囪式建設,離散式管理,設備種類繁多,運維難度大,運維的成本也隨之增長。最後,由於系統結構複雜導致部署週期長,系統上線進度嚴重影響;資源調度靈活性不足,系統資源得不到充分利用。
超融合架構在數據中心應用探究
2 .數據中心的虛擬化階段
隨着服務器虛擬化技術的出現,數據中心開始逐步向虛擬化數據中心轉變,數據中心進入了虛擬化數據中心階段。虛擬化技術就是在一個物理服務器上運行多個可移動的虛擬機,這些虛擬機共享底層硬件,擁有自己的虛擬資源如操作系統,計算,內存和存儲等。虛擬機可以提高服務器的利用率,並且虛擬機支持操作系統的和數據的備份,實施更加靈活。數據中心應用服務器虛擬化技術的好處主要有以下幾點。
一是由於利用虛擬化技術,可以減少對硬件數量需求的,從而使硬件採購成本大大降低。虛擬機技術使數據中心的硬件設備大幅度減少,從而使數據中心能耗降低,更加易於維護,隨着時間的推移,虛擬化帶來的成本降低是非常明顯的。
二是應用部署的靈活性得到了極大的改善。隨着虛擬化技術的發展,重新部署應用可以通過虛擬機的快照技術在幾分鐘之內就能夠完成。同時,應用的備份和遷移同樣也變得簡單,方便。虛擬化技術提高了服務器的資源利用率,利用虛擬機在線遷移技術數據中心對服務器可靠性,可用性和可維護性的依賴大大降低。
數據中心的服務器資源利用率和高可用性的問題通過虛擬化技術得到解決,隨着虛擬機數量的快速增長,對存儲I / O的需求也隨之大幅提升,在這種情況下傳統FCSAN存儲網絡方式又引發了新的問題:第一是可靠性問題。由於集中存儲非常依賴於存儲設備的可靠性,可用性和可維護性,所以當存儲設備發生故障時將會危及整個虛擬機資源池第。二是擴展性問題。存儲設備之間的數據遷移非常困難,無法解決存儲設備的性能孤島和數據孤島問題。第三是性能問題。虛擬機的I / O性能完全取決於後端存儲的能力,而單一存儲的I / O性能現在已經出現了明顯的瓶頸。第四是運維問題。各個廠家的存儲設備是互不兼容的,IP網絡與FCSAN也是完全孤立的,加大了運維的工作量。第五是成本問題。對專用設備的依賴顯著地增加了基礎設施的成本。
軟件定義數據中心階段
超融合架構替代傳統架構的變革,帶來了數據中心開始向軟件定義數據中心發展。傳統服務器虛擬化技術的資源的虛擬化和管理是通過專用的硬件設備得以實現,並沒有徹底實現硬件資源與虛擬化管理軟件之間的分離。這使得這類技術並不適用於大規模的虛擬數據中心環境。而軟件定義的技術實現了存儲,計算,網絡與專用硬件的分離,從而實現了它的基礎架構的真正融合。
軟件定義數據中心讓數據中心的存儲設備,服務器和網絡等重要基礎設施減少了對基礎物理硬件的依賴,變得更爲靈活,更自動化。由於傳統的DAS,NAS和SAN具有技術要求高,成本高,靈活性差等缺陷,所以軟件定義技術取代專用硬件逐步成爲數據中心基礎架構的發展趨勢。此外,超融合架構優點還包括以下幾個方面。
一是功能豐富。超融合架構不單純是一個分佈式存儲系統,還可以通過緩存加速,備份,快照,重複數據刪除,數據壓縮等強大的功能,來保證數據對存儲的高效利用,保證系統的穩定運行,並能降低能源消耗。
二是建設費用低。超融合架構通過軟件定義使用X86服務器自身的硬盤,從而使存儲的硬件成本極大降低。
三是部署便捷。相對於傳統存儲解放方案的複雜性,超融合平臺部署相對簡單。對於LUN,RAID,FC交換機,分區,掩碼,註冊表狀態變更通知或複雜的存儲多路徑等問題不必面對。
四是橫向擴展能力靈活。超融合架構在需要性能擴展時可以通過增加不同功能節點的方式進行,按照需求擴展所需要資源,分別獨自擴展如CPU運算節點,內存節點,GPU節點,存儲容量節點,提升所需要的性能。系統建設時期的設計和預算壓力得到了極大的減輕。
五是提高了I / O性能。超融合架構技術採用了分佈式存儲技術,配置的SSD硬盤來提高性能,利用本機的機械硬盤來擴充容量,極大提高了存儲的I / O性能。
超融合架構的具體應用場景
1 .提升數據中心的存儲性能
超融合架構存儲系統採用的軟件定義技術,傳統集中存儲的性能問題得到了很好的解決。傳統架構的存儲設備已無法滿足對存儲性能和靈活性的需求,超融合架構存儲是分佈式的,可以徹底擺脫傳統這架構對存儲系統的性能約束。超融合存儲通過完全去掉傳統存儲,利用分佈式文件系統來提供按線性增長的性能和容量,並且可以通過SSDCache進行加速,甚至可以全部使用SSD來構建整個分佈式存儲系統。
2 .業務快速部署,降低成本
超融合基礎架構首先給用戶帶來的價值是加快業務部署。傳統的項目要經過一個非常長的項目設計,規劃,然後到整個採購,之後要去進行集成,部署,測試等相關工作,而超融合架構一般都預集成封裝虛擬化平臺,雲平臺管理軟件,SDN網絡和分佈式存儲,集成整個存儲,計算和網絡以及應用軟件讓整個這架構的搭建簡化了很多。超融合架構大部分都是基於X86硬件設備,可以顯著降低,採購成本,運維成本也會降低。
3 .大數據分析平臺
超融合架構具備橫向擴展的特性,針對海量數據存儲應用,可以實現大規模通用集羣存儲。超融合架構存儲系統通過網絡技術將大量基本X86存儲單元整合起來協同工作,對外提供統一數據存儲服務,替代傳統集中式的存儲設備。
4 .支撐虛擬桌面,私有云等虛擬化計算應用
超融合架構可以將計算,存儲和網絡資源整合到一起,提供軟硬一體的解決方案。在虛擬桌面(VDI)應用方面,由於各種應用部署在單一的共享資源池裏,可以不需要擔心存儲系統的I / O影響虛擬機性能。此外,超融合架構的大容量分佈式存儲環境爲系統靈活掌控隨機和順序負載提供可能。而且採用SSD加速的分佈式存儲集羣可以保障足夠的IOPS應對VDI啓動和登入風暴等嚴峻的負載挑戰。在虛擬化應用方面,包括存儲,備份,複製,負載均衡在內所有策略的制定,都會圍繞支持虛擬機進行。例如數據保護策略,超融合架構就將其集成在虛擬機層。管理員只需在虛擬機層操作,就可以在不同數據中心之間或不同應用間(備份,複製等)進行負載遷移。